Wednesday 24 April 2013

OOPS Concept With Real Life Example


OOPS Concept With Real Life Example


This is the most asked Question in a technical interview in any domain.. OOPs Concept is very very important.. Today I will explain OOPs concept with real Life Example that will help you to grasp the concept well and excel in the interviews...

Objects: Object is the basic unit of object-oriented programming.Objects are identified by its unique name. An objectrepresents a particular instance of a class. There can be more than one instance of an object. Each instance of an object can hold its own relevant data.

An Object is a collection of data members and associated member functions also known as methods.

Classes: Classes are data types based on which objects are created.Objects with similar properties and methods are grouped together to form a Class. Thus a Class represent a set of individual objects. Characteristics of an object are represented in a class as Properties. The actions that can be performed by objects becomes functions of the class and is referred to as Methods.

Example #1:

For example consider we have a Class of Cars under which Santro Xing, Alto and WaganR represents individual Objects.In this context each Car Object will have its own, Model,Year of Manufacture, Colour, Top Speed, Engine Power etc.,which form Properties of the Car class and the associated actions i.e., object functions like Start, Move, Stop form the Methods of Car Class.No memory is allocated when a class is created. Memory is
allocated only when an object is created, i.e., when an instance of a class is created.

Example #2:

An architect will have the blueprints for a house....those blueprints will be plans that explain exactly what properties the house will have and how they are all layed out.  However it is just the blueprint, you can't live in it.  Builders will look at the blueprints and use those blueprints to make a physical house.  They can use the same blueprint to make as many houses as they want....each house will have the same layout and properties.  Each house can accommodate it's own families...so one house might have the Smiths live in it, one house might have the Jones live in it.

The blueprint is the class...the house is the object.  The people living in the house are data stored in the object's properties.

Abstraction: Abstraction means showing essential features and hiding non-essential features to the user.

For Eg.  Yahoo Mail...

When you provide the user name and password and click on submit button..It will show Compose,Inbox,Outbox,Sentmails...so and so when you click on compose it will open...but user doesn't
know what are the actions performed internally....It just Opens....that is essential; User doesn't know internal actions ...that is non-essential things...

For Eg. Tv Remote..
Remote is a interface between user and tv..right. which has buttons like 0 to 10 ,on /of etc but we dont know circuits inside remote...User does not  need to know..Just he is using essential thing that is remote.
 

Encapsulation: Encapsulation means which binds the data and code (or) writing operations and methods in single unit (class).
 
For Example:
A car is having multiple parts..like steering,wheels,engine...etc..which binds together to form a single object that is car. So, Here multiple parts of cars encapsulates itself together to form a single object that is Car.

In real time we are using Encapsulation for security purpose...

Encapsulation = Abstraction + Data Hiding.


Inheritance: Deriving a new class from the existing class,is called Inheritance.
Derived(sub class) class is getting all the features from Existing (super class\base class) class and also incorporating some new features to the sub class.

For Eg.,

class Address
{
String name;
Srting H.no;
String Street name;
}
class LatestAddress extends Address
{
String City;
String State;
String Country;
}
public class Vishal
{
{
LatestAddress la = new LatestAddress();
//Assign variable accordingly...
}
}

In the above Example class LatestAddress getting all features from the Address class.
In the LatestAddress class we have total 6 properties..3 are inherited from Address class and 3 properties are
incorporated. So In the class Vishal we are declaring the object of class LatestAddress and then assign new variables using the properties of the previous base classes... So this is a nice example of inheritance..

Polymorphism :

Polymorphism means ability to take more than one form that an operation can exhibit different behavior at different instance depend upon the data passed in the operation.

1>We behave differently in front of elders, and friends. A single person is behaving differently at different time.

2> A software engineer can perform different task at different instance of time depending on the task assigned  to him .He can done coding , testing , analysis and designing depending on the task assign and the requirement.

3> Consider the stadium of common wealth games. Single stadium but it perform multiple task like swimming, lawn tennis etc.

4> If a girl is married and mother of 2 children doing teaching job then  she is a women first ,, teacher in a school when she is in school,,wife of someone at home,, mother of her children,, and obvious daughter of someone & may be girl friend of someone (just kidding) means a woman plays diffent roles at different times dats the polymorphism (many forms).

Summary:

OOPs have following features:

1. Object             - Instance of Class
2. Class               - Blue print of Object
3. Encapsulation    - Protecting our Data
4. Polymorphism   - Different behaviors at different instances
5. Abstraction        - Hiding our irrelevant Data
6. Inheritence        - One property of object is acquiring to another property of object

116 comments:

  1. good examples...
    very useful for beginners....

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  2. good and it is easy to learn and understand

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  3. Nice job vishal:)
    keep going on!!!

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  4. very clear example i have ever seen before...

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  5. Good example and good pratices

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  6. Very very clear oops concept.......thanks u very much sir.

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  7. really very good examples................
    interesting + understanding

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  8. Good Explanation and Very clear.
    Thanks a lot.

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  9. nice examples particular girl example nice..

    total explanation very clear and awesome

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  10. thanks for the simple and clear explanation

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  11. Very good explanation...!!! Keep posting...!!!

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  12. very nice examples

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  13. Thnx sir.....it is really helpful....

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  14. All the concepts are well explained....good job!

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  15. very good examples .. Nice post ..

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  16. Nice examples to understanding...thank you

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  17. Mr Kartikeyan asked the following Question:

    ============================================================

    "I read your article about oops concept that is really nice sir.

    I have one doubt sir that is mentioned below plz clear as soon as possible


    class - " The blueprint of house "

    object - " The physical houses which was build using house blueprint"

    attributes - " The people who living in the house are data of the object properties"

    methods - " methods ?"

    Give me one example which comprises of above all?"

    ============================================================

    The answer to Mr Kartikeyan's Question is as follows:

    "Methods are action which an object is able to perform.. For example in the above example.. The people living the house are able to perform certain actions like repair their house, Paint it. So the actions like repairing and Painting are all methods for the objects."

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  18. thank you,its very useful and easy to understand.i need the concept of function overloading/overriding with real time example.....

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  19. Nice one. Beautifully exampled.Thanks. Keep it going.

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  20. now oops concepts seems to be vry simple to understand nd learn..

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  21. very interesting to learn and good examples keep on posting such easy ways to learn basics thanq very much

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  22. Good Explainaotion of OOPS Concepts

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  23. OOPS concepts are explained in such a way that beginners can easily understand and remember

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  24. thanks!!!!! really helpful :) :)

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  25. really nice examples......easy to understand....

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  26. Thank you...its a very clear and nice explanation

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  27. Thanku sir,i understand very clearly.

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  28. Thanku sir,i understand well with your explanation.

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  29. Easy to understand. very good

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  30. thanx a billian ....gr8 examples

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  31. Good Examples..Thanks for sharing..its realy helpful for me..

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  32. Miss Sangeeta Korade asked the following Question:

    "Explain the four major pillars of oops taking keyboard as an example?"

    Answer to her Question:

    The Four major Pillars of OOPs are:

    1. Abstraction
    2. Encapsulation
    3. Inheritance
    4. Polymorphism

    Abstraction:

    For Example, In a keyboard, we have circuits and It is connected to the CPU. So While pressing the key we dont know about the inside happenings of the keyboard. We only know that When the keyboard is pressed It will display a similar letter in the screen incase we are typing. So this is how Abstraction works. Abstraction ie., Exposing necessary data

    Encapsulation:

    Next When the key is pressed some kind of message runs through the circuit of the keyboard which is sent to the CPU.CPU analyses that request and accordingly displays the pressed text in the screen. So here we only know that pressing the key will display the letter but In the meanwhile we are totally unaware of the happening inside the circuits. This is Encapsulation ie.,emphasis on hiding the data

    Inheritance:

    There are many keyboards brands available in the market but the similarity between them is that they follow more or less the same prototype as the Keyboard available in the year 2000. So basically they are inheriting the properties of the older generation of keyboards plus they are modifying the newer keyboards with some extra functionalities..

    Polymorphism:

    Polymorphism means Poly[Many] + Morphism[Forms]. It is the ability of the object to behave differently under different situation.. For Example while writing a word document you will be using the up/down arrows for moving up and down in the document but while playing a car game u will be using the same keys for moving your car in the game. So the same keys are behaving differently on various scenarios and this is called polymorphism.

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    Replies
    1. awesome reply sir. you must be the "father of examples" in computer world..thanks again for such a great explanation.

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    2. very greatly explanations in one example!great!

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    3. i didn't find explanation like this anywhere...thanku so much

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    4. Awesome explaination sir... Thank you for your easy explaination.

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  33. its really superb. tanx for ur post vishal

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  34. thank yo sir....it seasy to understand

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  35. Very good explanation with Simple Examples..!!
    Keep posting...!!!

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  36. nice defination and real life example

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  37. Very easy to understand.. great job Vishal. Thank you so much..

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  38. really very easy defnition and good examples

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  39. explanation is too gud. I'm a beginner so this examples of oops helps me alot...

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  40. everything is easy to learn with real world examples. thank you for finding these example, VISHAL...... and easy language... Thank You Very Much..

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  41. Very Good Explanation...and easy to understand...Thank U so Much..

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  42. Very Good Explanation...and easy to understand...Thank U so Much..

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  43. Very Good Explanation...and easy to understand...Thank U so Much..

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  44. Awsummmmmmmm vishal!! God bless!!

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  45. Great explanation

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  46. hai sir,myself perumal, Thank u so much, no one can published this kind of explanation....am asking u once again thank your very much....

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  47. Thanks for that.........Great

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  48. I am Vijay here. After many years, I understood , what is Object Oriented Programming. Thanks a Ton. A person , who can explain something , through very simple , day to day examples, knows the subject. You are master.

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  49. Superb...thanku

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  50. Good Explaination....

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  51. very nice explanation its useful for me thanks a lot sir..

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  52. Awsome post Dear Keep Guiding us :)

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  53. Very nice explanation with example.Carry on your good work.

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  54. Vishal you have really made a very good effort in putting the examples in layman terms!!!!
    Please continue the good work.

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  55. Very nice sir, easily understanding with simple examples...

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  56. Master of explaination.For which the average person can understand.

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  57. excellent job, sir
    keep up the good work.

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  58. good examples to understand oops concept

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  59. superbly explain..!!!!! concepts cleared now.

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  60. Really superb brother ... nice

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  61. Thank you for the example.... Now i really the concept of OOP....

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  62. Excellent Explanation
    Really very useful,
    Thank you...

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  63. Nice examples helps me lot as I am beginner
    Thanks Vishal sir....

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  64. nicely explained

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  65. Excellent Explanation
    Really very useful,
    Thank you

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  66. Really nice example sir and thankyou this website is very useful for freshers....

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  67. good job,simplest way to undersatnd

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  68. Nice examples. Thank you so much...

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  69. Good Explanation thanks a lot...

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  70. Good Explanation Thanks a lot..

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  71. Ashwini Meshkar3 August 2017 at 12:11

    thank you sir..this explanation helped alot

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  72. thank you vishal. ur explanation is soooo gud

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  73. Nice Explanation and especially those examples are very helpful.

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  74. Good examples very easy to understand

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